While data are provided by country, one of the data sets is the percent urban population making it possible to see the relationships between urbanization and many health and environmental indicators. Several tools allow comparison of regions and states within countries for example, comparing countries with Chinese provinces and U.S. states: http://www.gapminder.org/labs/
Gapminder makes the important point that more wealth does not always lead to better health.
This blog owes something to an earlier Planetizen entry: http://www.planetizen.com/node/42744. For more on the various ways health intersects with place, see: http://www.designforhealth.net/resources/generalhealthissues.html